class: titleSlide <br><br><br> .pull-left[ ## Sensitivity Analysis for Standard Profile Descriptions #### Implications for Soil Taxonomy, Interpretations, and Mapping <br><br><br> #### FIELD NOTES WEBINAR - August 2021 ] .right[.large[<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> Andrew G. Brown <br> <a href="mailto:andrew.g.brown@usda.gov"><svg viewBox="0 0 576 512" style="height:1em;position:relative;display:inline-block;top:.1em;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M160 448c-25.6 0-51.2-22.4-64-32-64-44.8-83.2-60.8-96-70.4V480c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h256c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V345.6c-12.8 9.6-32 25.6-96 70.4-12.8 9.6-38.4 32-64 32zm128-192H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v16c25.6 19.2 22.4 19.2 115.2 86.4 9.6 6.4 28.8 25.6 44.8 25.6s35.2-19.2 44.8-22.4c92.8-67.2 89.6-67.2 115.2-86.4V288c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32zm256-96H224c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32h96c33.21 0 60.59 25.42 63.71 57.82l.29-.22V416h192c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V192c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32zm-32 128h-64v-64h64v64zm-352-96c0-35.29 28.71-64 64-64h224V32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32H96C78.33 0 64 14.33 64 32v192h96v-32z"></path></svg> andrew.g.brown@usda.gov</a> <br><br> ]] --- class: bodySlide <br> ## Sensitivity and Uncertainty Analysis **Sensitivity analysis**: Understand _sources_ of uncertainty - Applying constraints to inform inferences about a system **Uncertainty analysis**: Propagation and _quantification_ of uncertainty - "Overview of Soil Survey Database History with Uncertainty implications" - https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/nrcs142p2_050742.pdf - NSSH 618.2.C Collecting, Testing, and Populating Soil Property Data - Original proposal to use percentiles for Range in Characteristics<br> https://github.com/ncss-tech/soil-range-in-characteristics --- class: bodySlideNOBR <br> ## Soil Profile Geometry - Soil descriptions as "emulators of natural variation" .pull-left[ ### Geometric Elements - Location description / coordinates - **Layer top and bottom depths** - **Boundaries** - Structure - Fragments / Artifacts ] .pull-right[  <small>_Source_: http://nesoil.com/ri/oldpedons/Ninigret_historic.pdf</small> ] ??? Soil descriptions as emulators of natural variation Routine soil descriptions are aggregated to create soil survey products. - In the past the individual points and source data were not considered the "product," yet there are increasing requests related to these data from soil survey users - In update work, we are confronted with "changes" in soil properties due to level of detail in descriptions, new lab data, layers, taxonomic units and more. - Are these "changes" meaningful in context of "similar soils"? - How can we systematically evaluate the similarity of soil concepts with different depth support? - How can we maximize value from historic data that may be cost-prohibitive to replicate? - How can we get more information from _new_ descriptions? --- class: bodySlideNOBR <br> ## Discretization of the soil body .pull-left[  ] .pull-right[  ] --- class: bodySlideNOBR <br> ## Discretization of the soil body **Pedons** (source: FY2020 SQLite snapshots) - NASIS Pedon: 2,897,664 horizons in 573,919 NASIS pedons; ~5 layers each - KSSL/LDM: 410,011 horizons in 65,952 laboratory pedons; ~6.2 layers each **Components** (source: Soil Data Access) - SSURGO: 3,474,612 horizons in 868,508 components; ~4 layers each - STATSGO: 333,388 horizons in 102,729 components; ~3.25 layers each **GlobalSoilMap** - 6 standard depth intervals:<br> 0-5 cm, 5-15 cm, 15-30 cm, 30-60 cm, 60-100 cm and 100-200 cm - <small>https://www.isric.org/sites/default/files/GlobalSoilMap_specifications_december_2015_2.pdf</small> --- class: bodySlide <br> ## Trends in "horizonation" schemes  --- class: bodySlideNOBR <br> <img src="data:image/png;base64,#img/complayer_ratio_map_conus.png" alt="drawing" width="800"/> --- class: bodySlideLite <br> ## Horizon Boundaries .pull-left[ #### Distinctness  #### Topography  ] .pull-right[  <small>_Source_: [Field Book for Describing and Sampling Soils](https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/research/guide/?cid=nrcs142p2_054184)</small> ] --- class: bodySlide <br> ## Soil Profile Sketches and Simulation with {aqp} R package .left-column[ [](http://ncss-tech.github.io/aqp/) <br> [](https://www.r-project.org/) ] .right-column[ The Algorithms for Quantitative Pedology (AQP) project is a suite of R packages for quantitative analysis of soil profile data. - "aqp" package provides a vocabulary (functions and data structures) - "soilDB" package provides interfaces to databases and web services AQP Website: http://ncss-tech.github.io/AQP/ aqp R package on GitHub: https://github.com/ncss-tech/aqp SSSA 2020 Presentations: https://github.com/brownag/SSSA2020/ ] --- class: bodySlideNOBR <br> ## OSD Profile Sketches .center[ Using representative depths as boundaries <img src="data:image/png;base64,#SensitivityPedons_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-1-1.png" width="504" /> ] --- class: bodySlideNOBR <br> ## OSD Profile Sketches + distinctness .center[ Using `aqp::hzDistinctnessCodeOffset()` <img src="data:image/png;base64,#SensitivityPedons_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-2-1.png" width="504" /> ] --- class: bodySlideNOBR <br> ## Generalization of Horizons .center[ Using regular expressions to group similar horizons with `aqp::generalize.hz()` <img src="data:image/png;base64,#SensitivityPedons_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-3-1.png" width="504" /> ] --- class: bodySlideNOBR <br> ## Horizon Boundary Sketches <small>_Source_: https://ncss-tech.github.io/AQP/aqp/hz-boundaries.html</small>  --- class: bodySlideNOBR <br> ## Perturbation-based Methods .pull-left[ - [`aqp::perturb()`](http://ncss-tech.github.io/aqp/docs/reference/perturb.html) "Perturbs" the _boundary thickness between horizons_ or the _thickness of horizons_ using a standard deviation specified as a horizon-level attribute. ] .pull-right[ By the empirical rule: - 68% of the boundary/horizon thicknesses within 1 standard deviation of source - 95% within 2 standard deviations - 99.7% within 3 standard deviations ] Distributional assumption applies only to the _geometry_. Not horizon or aggregate "site level" properties. - Documentation: http://ncss-tech.github.io/aqp/docs/reference/perturb.html - Demo: https://ncss-tech.github.io/AQP/aqp/perturb.html --- class: bodySlideNOBR <br> ## Thickness of Generalized Horizons n=1000 realizations for each of 4 profiles ("Minniecreek" full pedons in CA649)  --- class: bodySlideNOBR <br> ## Organic Carbon Stocks n=10,000 aggregate carbon stocks; constant 2.5cm standard deviation  --- class: bodySlideNOBR <br> ## Organic Carbon Stocks n=10,000 aggregate carbon stocks using field horizon boundary distinctness  --- class: bodySlide <br> ## "Problems" ### "Narrow" or disturbed observation methods (probe, bucket auger) ### Irregular and Broken Topography ### Total Soil Depth ### Integrating results from multiple pedons -> component and series decisions <!-- ??? --> <!-- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016706118312485 --> --- class: bodySlide <br> ## Thank you! Feel free to contact me with comments/questions/criticism. We also welcome you to take part in discussions related to {aqp} algorithms and {soilDB} data access methods on the GitHub issues pages: - https://github.com/ncss-tech/aqp/issues - https://github.com/ncss-tech/soilDB/issues _USDA is an equal opportunity provider, employer, and lender._ .left-column[ <br>  ] .right-column[ #### Andrew G. Brown <a href="mailto:andrew.g.brown@usda.gov"><svg viewBox="0 0 576 512" style="height:1em;position:relative;display:inline-block;top:.1em;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M160 448c-25.6 0-51.2-22.4-64-32-64-44.8-83.2-60.8-96-70.4V480c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h256c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V345.6c-12.8 9.6-32 25.6-96 70.4-12.8 9.6-38.4 32-64 32zm128-192H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v16c25.6 19.2 22.4 19.2 115.2 86.4 9.6 6.4 28.8 25.6 44.8 25.6s35.2-19.2 44.8-22.4c92.8-67.2 89.6-67.2 115.2-86.4V288c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32zm256-96H224c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32h96c33.21 0 60.59 25.42 63.71 57.82l.29-.22V416h192c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V192c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32zm-32 128h-64v-64h64v64zm-352-96c0-35.29 28.71-64 64-64h224V32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32H96C78.33 0 64 14.33 64 32v192h96v-32z"></path></svg> andrew.g.brown@usda.gov</a><br> <a href="http://github.com/brownag"><svg viewBox="0 0 496 512" style="height:1em;position:relative;display:inline-block;top:.1em;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M165.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6zm-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3zm44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9zM244.8 8C106.1 8 0 113.3 0 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C428.2 457.8 496 362.9 496 252 496 113.3 383.5 8 244.8 8zM97.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1zm-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7zm32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3.7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1zm-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9 1.6 2.3 4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3 1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2z"></path></svg> brownag</a><br> ] <br><br><br>